ubuntu django mysql apache setup 셋업 (digitalocean)

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original source : https://youtu.be/Xjdv31k-Kf4

이 동영상은 1시간 분량인데 굉장히 설명이 잘되있으며 단계별 정리가 되어있다.

digitalocean 에 프로젝트 올릴때 사용했다. 위 동영상은 새로 시작하는setting 작업이고 이미 있는 프로젝트의 deploy는 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-django-with-postgres-nginx-and-gunicorn-on-ubuntu-16-04#create-and-configure-a-new-django-project 를 따라 할수 있다. 이를 기반으로 한 동영상은 https://youtu.be/BrVHwQ-SJUA 이며 이는 apache가 아닌 Gunicorn wsgi를 이용했다. 

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위는 ubuntu 처음 시작전 update와 upgrade를 하는 과정이다. 

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동영상 게시자가 추천하는 구조이다.꼭 따라야 하는 것은 아니다. 

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pip install -r /path/to/requirements.txt

requirements.txt에 있는 libraries들을 설치하는 방법

git clone, fetch, pull의 차이점 설명

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3620633/what-is-the-difference-between-pull-and-clone-in-git

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위에서 호스트 주소가 바뀐것을 유심히 볼것

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mysql_secure_installation는 보안성을 높이는 과정이다. 

https://stackoverflow.com/q/20760908/3151712 참조

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데이터베이스 연결정보 화일을 외부에 두는 방법이다. (옵셥사항)

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최초 migrate을 통해 admin tables생성및 django superuser만드는법

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아이피주소뒤에 붙는 port 주소를 없애기위해서는 apache server가 필요하다.그리고 설정수정을 한다.

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python-path =  이값은 manage.py가 있는 경로

python-hom =  이값은 virtual env가 있는 경로

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static화일 경로 설정이 필요하다. 

macOS apache, mysql, phpmyadmin install 설치

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original source : https://youtu.be/vHYh-m4iXw4

기본적으로 macOS에는 apache, php가 준비되어있다. mysql, phpmyadmin은 따로 설치해주어야 한다. 

— Steps: 

  •  sudo apachectl start 
  •  sudo nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf 
  •  remove # before #LoadModule php5… 
  •  sudo apachectl restart 
  •  sudo nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf 
  •  Add index.php in DirectoryIndex line 
  •  sudo apachectl restart 
  •  sudo nano /Library/WebServer/Documents/index.php 
  •  add the code seen on the screen 
  •  download Mysql: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ 
  •  SAVE YOUR PASSWORD! 
  •  sudo mkdir /var/mysql 
  •  sudo ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/mysql/mysql.sock 
  •  Start mysql Server
    – cd /usr/local/mysql/bin 
  •  sudo ./mysql -u root -p 
  •  Alter user ’root’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘newpassword’; 
  •  Download phpmyadmin: https://www.phpmyadmin.net 
  •  Copy paste it into Documents folder and rename to phpMyAdmin 
  •  cd /Library/Webserver/Documents/ 
  •  cd phpMyAdmin 
  •  sudo mkdir config 
  •  sudo chmod o+x config 
  •  open localhost/phpmyadmin 
  •  Under Authentication, enter mysql password 
  •  Download Config 
  •  Copy/Paste config into config folder 

mysql 은 community version이 free이다.

https://www.oracle.com/mysql/community.html

위에서 Alter user ’root’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘newpassword’; 여기에서 newpassword가 아니고 password로 진행해야 영상대로 된다.

또 영상에서는 Config 화일을 phpmyadmin 폴더에 넣는데 이는 만든 phpmyadmin/config폴더에 넣어야 한다.

아래 과정은 phpmyadmin에 접속할때 credential을 매번 넣지 않게 하기위한 옵션과정이다.

  • sudo ./mysql -u root -p
  • Alter user ’root’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘newpassword’;
  • Copy paste it into Documents folder and rename to phpMyAdmin
  • cd /Library/Webserver/Documents/
  • cd phpMyAdmin
  • sudo mkdir config
  • sudo chmod o+x config
  • open localhost/phpmyadmin
  • Under Authentication, enter mysql password
  • Download Config
  • Copy/Paste config into config folde

django mysql 사용시 발생했던 문제

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django에 mysql을 사용하려고 했으나 연결이 어려웠다. 아래 방법들을 다 시도해보고 결국 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ 를 통해 mysql config위치를 다시 정해 주고 pymysql을 설치하고 django downgrade로 문제 해결 했다.

pymysql 설치 https://stackoverflow.com/a/56312295

django downgrade https://stackoverflow.com/a/58448370

최종적으로 사용된 modules

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위와 같은 error 발생

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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘MySQLdb’

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53024891/modulenotfounderror-no-module-named-mysqldb

unable to install mysqlclient in python 3.7.3
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57808191/unable-to-install-mysqlclient-in-python-3-7-3

What’s the difference between MySQLdb, mysqlclient and MySQL connector/Python?

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43102442/whats-the-difference-between-mysqldb-mysqlclient-and-mysql-connector-python/46396881#46396881

pip install mysql-python fails with EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5178292/pip-install-mysql-python-fails-with-environmenterror-mysql-config-not-found

Import error :No module named MYSQLdb

https://askubuntu.com/questions/583415/import-error-no-module-named-mysqldb/1048285#1048285

Django – installing mysqlclient error: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55657752/django-installing-mysqlclient-error-mysqlclient-1-3-13-or-newer-is-required

Best way to store hashtags and the uses / combinations in a database

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Best way to store hashtags and the uses / combinations in a database

original source:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/35466950/best-way-to-store-hashtags-and-the-uses-combinations-in-a-database

I would start off with designing the database to match the real world requirements. You have hashtags, which are related to posts of some kind that are written by users. That sounds to me like a table for Users, a table for Posts (with an FK to Users), a table for Hashtags, and a many-to-many linking table between Posts and Hashtags with the appropriate FKs.

If you want to find how many times a hashtag has been used, then simply query the tables. Unless you’re getting into the 10s of millions (possibly 100s of millions) of rows of data, then with proper indexing you should be fine.

Once you’ve implemented the basic functionality, if tests show (and not hunches) that you are going to run into performance issues then you can refine your requirements further to handle that problem.

How do I connect to a MySQL Database in Python?

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How do I connect to a MySQL Database in Python?

original source : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/372885/how-do-i-connect-to-a-mysql-database-in-python

Connecting to MYSQL with Python in 3 steps

1 – Setting

You must install a MySQL driver before doing anything. Unlike PHP, only the SQLite driver is installed by default with Python. The most used package to do so is MySQLdb but it’s hard to install it using easy_install.

For Windows user, you can get an exe of MySQLdb.

For Linux, this is a casual package (python-mysqldb). (You can use sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb (for debian based distros), yum install mysql-python (for rpm-based), or dnf install python-mysql (for modern fedora distro) in command line to download.)

For Mac, you can install MySQLdb using Macport.

2 – Usage

After installing, reboot. This is not mandatory, but will prevent me from answering 3 or 4 other questions in this post if something goes wrong. So please reboot.

Then it is just like using another package :

#!/usr/bin/python
import MySQLdb

db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost",    # your host, usually localhost
                     user="john",         # your username
                     passwd="megajonhy",  # your password
                     db="jonhydb")        # name of the data base

# you must create a Cursor object. It will let
#  you execute all the queries you need
cur = db.cursor()

# Use all the SQL you like
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM YOUR_TABLE_NAME")

# print all the first cell of all the rows
for row in cur.fetchall():
    print row[0]

db.close()

Of course, there are thousand of possibilities and options; this is a very basic example. You will have to look at the documentation. A good starting point.

3 – More advanced usage

Once you know how it works, you may want to use an ORM to avoid writting SQL manually and manipulate your tables as they were Python objects. The most famous ORM in the Python community is SQLAlchemy.

I strongly advise you to use it: your life is going to be much easier.

I recently discovered another jewel in the Python world: peewee. It’s a very lite ORM, really easy and fast to setup then use. It makes my day for small projects or stand alone apps, where using big tools like SQLAlchemy or Django is overkill :

import peewee
from peewee import *

db = MySQLDatabase('jonhydb', user='john',passwd='megajonhy')

class Book(peewee.Model):
    author = peewee.CharField()
    title = peewee.TextField()

    class Meta:
        database = db

Book.create_table()
book = Book(author="me", title='Peewee is cool')
book.save()
for book in Book.filter(author="me"):
    print book.title

Peewee is cool

This example works out of the box. Nothing other than having peewee (pip install peewee :-)) is required. No complicated setup. It’s really cool.

How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu 14.04 | DigitalOcean

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How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu 14.04 | DigitalOcean

original source : https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-apache-mysql-php-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu-14-04

How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu 14.04

Introduction

A “LAMP” stack is a group of open source software that is typically installed together to enable a server to host dynamic websites and web apps. This term is actually an acronym which represents the Linux operating system, with the Apache web server. The site data is stored in a MySQL database, and dynamic content is processed by PHP.

In this guide, we’ll get a LAMP stack installed on an Ubuntu 14.04 Droplet. Ubuntu will fulfill our first requirement: a Linux operating system.

Note: The LAMP stack can be installed automatically on your Droplet by adding this script to its User Data when launching it. Check out this tutorial to learn more about Droplet User Data.

Prerequisites

Before you begin with this guide, you should have a separate, non-root user account set up on your server. You can learn how to do this by completing steps 1-4 in the initial server setup for Ubuntu 14.04.

Step 1: Install Apache

The Apache web server is currently the most popular web server in the world, which makes it a great default choice for hosting a website.

We can install Apache easily using Ubuntu’s package manager, apt. A package manager allows us to install most software pain-free from a repository maintained by Ubuntu. You can learn more about how to use apt here.

For our purposes, we can get started by typing these commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apache2

Since we are using a sudo command, these operations get executed with root privileges. It will ask you for your regular user’s password to verify your intentions.

Afterwards, your web server is installed.

You can do a spot check right away to verify that everything went as planned by visiting your server’s public IP address in your web browser (see the note under the next heading to find out what your public IP address is if you do not have this information already):

http://your_server_IP_address

You will see the default Ubuntu 14.04 Apache web page, which is there for informational and testing purposes. It should look something like this:

If you see this page, then your web server is now correctly installed.

How To Find your Server’s Public IP Address

If you do not know what your server’s public IP address is, there are a number of ways you can find it. Usually, this is the address you use to connect to your server through SSH.

From the command line, you can find this a few ways. First, you can use the iproute2 tools to get your address by typing this:

ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's//.*$//'

This will give you one or two lines back. They are both correct addresses, but your computer may only be able to use one of them, so feel free to try each one.

An alternative method is to use an outside party to tell you how it sees your server. You can do this by asking a specific server what your IP address is:

curl http://icanhazip.com

Regardless of the method you use to get your IP address, you can type it into your web browser’s address bar to get to your server.

Step 2: Install MySQL

Now that we have our web server up and running, it is time to install MySQL. MySQL is a database management system. Basically, it will organize and provide access to databases where our site can store information.

Again, we can use apt to acquire and install our software. This time, we’ll also install some other “helper” packages that will assist us in getting our components to communicate with each other:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server php5-mysql

Note: In this case, you do not have to run sudo apt-get update prior to the command. This is because we recently ran it in the commands above to install Apache. The package index on our computer should already be up-to-date.

During the installation, your server will ask you to select and confirm a password for the MySQL “root” user. This is an administrative account in MySQL that has increased privileges. Think of it as being similar to the root account for the server itself (the one you are configuring now is a MySQL-specific account however).

When the installation is complete, we need to run some additional commands to get our MySQL environment set up securely.

First, we need to tell MySQL to create its database directory structure where it will store its information. You can do this by typing:

sudo mysql_install_db

Afterwards, we want to run a simple security script that will remove some dangerous defaults and lock down access to our database system a little bit. Start the interactive script by running:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

You will be asked to enter the password you set for the MySQL root account. Next, it will ask you if you want to change that password. If you are happy with your current password, type “n” for “no” at the prompt.

For the rest of the questions, you should simply hit the “ENTER” key through each prompt to accept the default values. This will remove some sample users and databases, disable remote root logins, and load these new rules so that MySQL immediately respects the changes we have made.

At this point, your database system is now set up and we can move on.

Step 3: Install PHP

PHP is the component of our setup that will process code to display dynamic content. It can run scripts, connect to our MySQL databases to get information, and hand the processed content over to our web server to display.

We can once again leverage the apt system to install our components. We’re going to include some helper packages as well:

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mcrypt

This should install PHP without any problems. We’ll test this in a moment.

In most cases, we’ll want to modify the way that Apache serves files when a directory is requested. Currently, if a user requests a directory from the server, Apache will first look for a file called index.html. We want to tell our web server to prefer PHP files, so we’ll make Apache look for an index.php file first.

To do this, type this command to open the dir.conf file in a text editor with root privileges:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf

It will look like this:

<IfModule mod_dir.c>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml index.htm
</IfModule>

We want to move the PHP index file highlighted above to the first position after the DirectoryIndexspecification, like this:

<IfModule mod_dir.c>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.cgi index.pl index.xhtml index.htm
</IfModule>

When you are finished, save and close the file by pressing “CTRL-X”. You’ll have to confirm the save by typing “Y” and then hit “ENTER” to confirm the file save location.

After this, we need to restart the Apache web server in order for our changes to be recognized. You can do this by typing this:

sudo service apache2 restart

Install PHP Modules

To enhance the functionality of PHP, we can optionally install some additional modules.

To see the available options for PHP modules and libraries, you can type this into your system:

apt-cache search php5-

The results are all optional components that you can install. It will give you a short description for each:

php5-cgi - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (CGI binary)
php5-cli - command-line interpreter for the php5 scripting language
php5-common - Common files for packages built from the php5 source
php5-curl - CURL module for php5
php5-dbg - Debug symbols for PHP5
php5-dev - Files for PHP5 module development
php5-gd - GD module for php5
. . .

To get more information about what each module does, you can either search the internet, or you can look at the long description in the package by typing:

apt-cache show package_name

There will be a lot of output, with one field called Description-en which will have a longer explanation of the functionality that the module provides.

For example, to find out what the php5-cli module does, we could type this:

apt-cache show php5-cli

Along with a large amount of other information, you’ll find something that looks like this:

. . .
SHA256: 91cfdbda65df65c9a4a5bd3478d6e7d3e92c53efcddf3436bbe9bbe27eca409d
Description-en: command-line interpreter for the php5 scripting language
 This package provides the /usr/bin/php5 command interpreter, useful for
 testing PHP scripts from a shell or performing general shell scripting tasks.
 .
 The following extensions are built in: bcmath bz2 calendar Core ctype date
 dba dom ereg exif fileinfo filter ftp gettext hash iconv libxml mbstring
 mhash openssl pcntl pcre Phar posix Reflection session shmop SimpleXML soap
 sockets SPL standard sysvmsg sysvsem sysvshm tokenizer wddx xml xmlreader
 xmlwriter zip zlib.
 .
 PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used
 open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited
 for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
Description-md5: f8450d3b28653dcf1a4615f3b1d4e347
Homepage: http://www.php.net/
. . .

If, after researching, you decide you would like to install a package, you can do so by using the apt-get install command like we have been doing for our other software.

If we decided that php5-cli is something that we need, we could type:

sudo apt-get install php5-cli

If you want to install more than one module, you can do that by listing each one, separated by a space, following the apt-get install command, like this:

sudo apt-get install package1 package2 ...

At this point, your LAMP stack is installed and configured. We should still test out our PHP though.

Step 4: Test PHP Processing on your Web Server

In order to test that our system is configured properly for PHP, we can create a very basic PHP script.

We will call this script info.php. In order for Apache to find the file and serve it correctly, it must be saved to a very specific directory, which is called the “web root”.

In Ubuntu 14.04, this directory is located at /var/www/html/. We can create the file at that location by typing:

sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

This will open a blank file. We want to put the following text, which is valid PHP code, inside the file:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

When you are finished, save and close the file.

Now we can test whether our web server can correctly display content generated by a PHP script. To try this out, we just have to visit this page in our web browser. You’ll need your server’s public IP address again.

The address you want to visit will be:

http://your_server_IP_address/info.php

The page that you come to should look something like this:

This page basically gives you information about your server from the perspective of PHP. It is useful for debugging and to ensure that your settings are being applied correctly.

If this was successful, then your PHP is working as expected.

You probably want to remove this file after this test because it could actually give information about your server to unauthorized users. To do this, you can type this:

sudo rm /var/www/html/info.php

You can always recreate this page if you need to access the information again later.

Conclusion

Now that you have a LAMP stack installed, you have many choices for what to do next. Basically, you’ve installed a platform that will allow you to install most kinds of websites and web software on your server.

Some popular options are:

Note: We will be updating the links above to our 14.04 documentation as it is written.

By Justin Ellingwood